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Persia Struggles in Greece
Around 490 B.C the Persians executed their long planned attacked to stop the Athenian’s progress in the west.The Persian’s army outnumbered the Athenian army by two to one, feared by getting defeated, the city of Marathon was able to get 10,000 out of the 20,000 to fight the Persians. General Miltiades learned the day before the battle the Persians strongest part of the army the Calvary, was not at the camp. He then ordered a direct attack on the Persian infantry. There were 11,000 total Athenians and about 15,000 Persians. The attack was the Athenians charged leading the best Persian fighters to attack the center and then the Athenians attacked them from the flanks. The Persians reached their ships but had lost 6,400 troops, while the Greeks lost 192 troops. The Athenians won the battle by outsmarting the Persians, this tacit would help win the war. The Battle of Thermopylae was a major turning point in the Persian Wars. Xerxes had planned this battle to avenge his father Dairus and to take over Greece. As the Persians traveled to Greece they were met at Thermopylae and waiting for them were 300 Spartans led by King Leonidas. After a week of fighting the Persians defeated the Spartans, and went to Athens. Since the Spartans had held off the Persians for a while the Athenian’s were able to evacuate the city before the Persians came. Once they came the Athenians drew them to Salamis and then defeated the Persians with their more powerful navy. Since the Athenians outsmarted Persia in these three major battles, Athens went to be a superpower.
The Athenian government was formed on the idea of a democracy. While the Spartan government was formed on the idea of all of the forms of government (democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and aristocracy.).A democracy is when people hold a large portion of power by electing officials to lead them, while an oligarchy is when there a few people that lead.In Athens the people elected the officials. They elected 10 generals, magistrates, and other leaders. Sparta had a Senate which consisted of 20 councilmen over the age of 60, and they were elected for life. This showed the democracy aspect. The five overseers were also elected and they had the power to veto bills.
In Athens people had the choice to elect councilman who would help lead them, much like the Spartans did. The Athenians’ elected the council of 500 which helped run the country and were charged with making decisions to help the country. In Sparta there was a Senate but the restrictions were much different. These restrictions for the Sparta Senate were that you had to be 60 years or older and they are elected for life. Much like Athens’s however, only landowners who were men could vote. While Athens’s elected their elected officials, Sparta elected their five overseers. The five overseers ran the day-day operations in Sparta to help better the country, much like the Athenian’s council of 500. However, while in Athens’s everybody could attend the assembly (which is where they make laws and policy decisions.) However, in Sparta only men above the age of 30 could go to the assembly and have only their voices heard.
While Athens had a simple democracy system of government, Sparta had a form of monarchy, democracy and an oligarchy. The Athenian’s democracy was shown when they elected officials that led them both in battle and at home. This is a form of democracy because in a democracy people chose the leaders, and in Athens the people did chose the leaders. Sparta was a mix of the other types of government because they had the qualifications of all of the major types of government. First, the people elected the councilmen and the five overseers which is an example of Spartan democracy. Then they had a king who lead the armies and that is a monarchy form of government.
Greeks ·Greeks- originally not united, but a collection of city-states ·Same lang, is valued ·Not same as current Greek language oMinoans, one community oLive on Crete oFish, trading by sea oGive language and culture when trading oTrading with Persians and people in Mediterrean ·Geographical Impact oCrete is an island, Greece is a peninsula oInfluenced bysea §Economy based on sea §Transportation easy oConnect city-states §Makes it easier for them to get to each other oGreece’s land is terrible §Mountains prevent trade §Valleys form communities oEarly Greece people think of city-state oMountainous land prevent farming §Protect from invades oTrade for what they need oClimate impacts §Hot and warm §Live close to sea doesn’t change cause of sea §Spend time outside §Can develop culture, art §More progress within Greece ·Mycenae’s oMycelia 2000 B.C oGeography §Mountainous §By the sea §Live in temperate climate §Located on a really rocky ridge §Surrounded by walls ·Military people ·Powerful ·Have influence ·1600-1100 B.C oLike Minoans oMinoans and Mycenae’s fight §Spread art, etc…. §Had trading relationship §Troy ·Mycenae’s vs Troy ·City state ·Fought 10 year battle oTrojan Wars §Trojan Horse oMycenae’s collapse §Dorian period ·Get storytellers oTell oral stories ·Stories embody Greek culture oGreek myths §Myth- Not true story, used to explain unknown events §Try to understand human emotions, and nature ·Sad ·Stress §Personify emotions with Gods ·Hercules ·Zeus
The Trojan War The Trojan War is known in history as the ten-year war. It started when the Gods Peleus and Thetis got married and did not invite the goddess of discord Eris. However, Eris still came and threw a golden apple on to the table. Then three goddess Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite all reached for the apple. Zeus stopped them and said that Paris the prince of Troy should decide which goddess gets the apple. Hera told him that if she got the apple he would have power. Athena promised Paris that he would have wealth. Aphrodite said that Paris would have the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris decided to give it to Aphrodite. Paris then went to Sparta to meet Helen. Even through Menelaus (the King of Sparta) treated Pairs as a royal guest, Paris still abducted Helen and they went off to Troy. After ten years of fighting Odysseus came up with the now famous idea of the Trojan horse. The Greeks pretended to leave and they left a giant horse and inside where a bunch of Greek soldiers, and when the Trojan’s went to sleep at night the Greeks popped out and destroyed the city. Even though there are people who believe that this is just a story and it is not real, recent evidence proves that there is a high possibility that the war really happened.
Persia Struggles in Greece
Around 490 B.C the Persians executed their long planned attacked to stop the Athenian’s progress in the west. The Persian’s army outnumbered the Athenian army by two to one, feared by getting defeated, the city of Marathon was able to get 10,000 out of the 20,000 to fight the Persians. General Miltiades learned the day before the battle the Persians strongest part of the army the Calvary, was not at the camp. He then ordered a direct attack on the Persian infantry. There were 11,000 total Athenians and about 15,000 Persians. The attack was the Athenians charged leading the best Persian fighters to attack the center and then the Athenians attacked them from the flanks. The Persians reached their ships but had lost 6,400 troops, while the Greeks lost 192 troops. The Athenians won the battle by outsmarting the Persians, this tacit would help win the war. The Battle of Thermopylae was a major turning point in the Persian Wars. Xerxes had planned this battle to avenge his father Dairus and to take over Greece. As the Persians traveled to Greece they were met at Thermopylae and waiting for them were 300 Spartans led by King Leonidas. After a week of fighting the Persians defeated the Spartans, and went to Athens. Since the Spartans had held off the Persians for a while the Athenian’s were able to evacuate the city before the Persians came. Once they came the Athenians drew them to Salamis and then defeated the Persians with their more powerful navy. Since the Athenians outsmarted Persia in these three major battles, Athens went to be a superpower.
The Athenian government was formed on the idea of a democracy. While the Spartan government was formed on the idea of all of the forms of government (democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and aristocracy.). A democracy is when people hold a large portion of power by electing officials to lead them, while an oligarchy is when there a few people that lead. In Athens the people elected the officials. They elected 10 generals, magistrates, and other leaders. Sparta had a Senate which consisted of 20 councilmen over the age of 60, and they were elected for life. This showed the democracy aspect. The five overseers were also elected and they had the power to veto bills.
In Athens people had the choice to elect councilman who would help lead them, much like the Spartans did. The Athenians’ elected the council of 500 which helped run the country and were charged with making decisions to help the country. In Sparta there was a Senate but the restrictions were much different. These restrictions for the Sparta Senate were that you had to be 60 years or older and they are elected for life. Much like Athens’s however, only landowners who were men could vote. While Athens’s elected their elected officials, Sparta elected their five overseers. The five overseers ran the day-day operations in Sparta to help better the country, much like the Athenian’s council of 500. However, while in Athens’s everybody could attend the assembly (which is where they make laws and policy decisions.) However, in Sparta only men above the age of 30 could go to the assembly and have only their voices heard.
While Athens had a simple democracy system of government, Sparta had a form of monarchy, democracy and an oligarchy. The Athenian’s democracy was shown when they elected officials that led them both in battle and at home. This is a form of democracy because in a democracy people chose the leaders, and in Athens the people did chose the leaders. Sparta was a mix of the other types of government because they had the qualifications of all of the major types of government. First, the people elected the councilmen and the five overseers which is an example of Spartan democracy. Then they had a king who lead the armies and that is a monarchy form of government.
Greeks
· Greeks- originally not united, but a collection of city-states
· Same lang, is valued
· Not same as current Greek language
o Minoans, one community
o Live on Crete
o Fish, trading by sea
o Give language and culture when trading
o Trading with Persians and people in Mediterrean
· Geographical Impact
o Crete is an island, Greece is a peninsula
o Influenced by sea
§ Economy based on sea
§ Transportation easy
o Connect city-states
§ Makes it easier for them to get to each other
o Greece’s land is terrible
§ Mountains prevent trade
§ Valleys form communities
o Early Greece people think of city-state
o Mountainous land prevent farming
§ Protect from invades
o Trade for what they need
o Climate impacts
§ Hot and warm
§ Live close to sea doesn’t change cause of sea
§ Spend time outside
§ Can develop culture, art
§ More progress within Greece
· Mycenae’s
o Mycelia 2000 B.C
o Geography
§ Mountainous
§ By the sea
§ Live in temperate climate
§ Located on a really rocky ridge
§ Surrounded by walls
· Military people
· Powerful
· Have influence
· 1600-1100 B.C
o Like Minoans
o Minoans and Mycenae’s fight
§ Spread art, etc….
§ Had trading relationship
§ Troy
· Mycenae’s vs Troy
· City state
· Fought 10 year battle
o Trojan Wars
§ Trojan Horse
o Mycenae’s collapse
§ Dorian period
· Get storytellers
o Tell oral stories
· Stories embody Greek culture
o Greek myths
§ Myth- Not true story, used to explain unknown events
§ Try to understand human emotions, and nature
· Sad
· Stress
§ Personify emotions with Gods
· Hercules
· Zeus
The Trojan War
The Trojan War is known in history as the ten-year war. It started when the Gods Peleus and Thetis got married and did not invite the goddess of discord Eris. However, Eris still came and threw a golden apple on to the table. Then three goddess Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite all reached for the apple. Zeus stopped them and said that Paris the prince of Troy should decide which goddess gets the apple. Hera told him that if she got the apple he would have power. Athena promised Paris that he would have wealth. Aphrodite said that Paris would have the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris decided to give it to Aphrodite. Paris then went to Sparta to meet Helen. Even through Menelaus (the King of Sparta) treated Pairs as a royal guest, Paris still abducted Helen and they went off to Troy. After ten years of fighting Odysseus came up with the now famous idea of the Trojan horse. The Greeks pretended to leave and they left a giant horse and inside where a bunch of Greek soldiers, and when the Trojan’s went to sleep at night the Greeks popped out and destroyed the city. Even though there are people who believe that this is just a story and it is not real, recent evidence proves that there is a high possibility that the war really happened.